48

■Bio-mathematics, Statistics and Nano-Technologies: Mosquito Control Strategies

One of the most complaints from people tries to enjoy the outdoors activity, concern

the annoyance caused by mosquito bite. In addition, recreational parks, forests close to the

beach are located close to the major natural breeding sites of mosquitos. Many people try

to avoid rustic vacation areas with known mosquito problems and not realizing that these

diseases are also transmitted in urban and suburban areas (Rohani 2008). In response to

community concerns about the health and wellbeing of visitors to the recreational park,

studies should be undertaken to consolidate and amplify information on distribution and

abundance of mosquitos in these areas (Newson 1977, Rohani 2008).

Mosquito-borne diseases are a real public health problem worldwide. There are many

parasites, viruses, bacteria that can be transmitted by insects, and mosquitos are the most

predominant insects in the way of the transmission to the human beings. These pathogens

can cause very severe diseases to humans with a high mortality rate.

The science that studies the mosquitos and other insects of public health is called Med-

ical Entomology. It provides basic concepts of entomology like the knowledge on mor-

phology, taxonomy or systematic, bio-ecology, distribution, habitat preferences, that are

good and important information for medical entomology to know the whole life cycle of

mosquitos in order to control their uncontrolled population growth. Identification, distribu-

tion, habitat preferences, bio-ecological data and the systematic or taxonomy of mosquitos

play an important role in order to control and prevent infectious diseases caused by them.

Seasonality and circadian rhythm of mosquito populations, as well as other ecological

and behavioral features, are strongly influenced by climatic factors such as temperature,

rainfall, humidity, wind, and duration of daylight (Reiter 2001). Both seasonal and daily

activity patterns of mosquito vectors are required as baseline knowledge to understand

the transmission dynamics of vector-borne pathogens (Reiter 2001), and have been widely

studied for many mosquito species throughout the world (Guimarães et al. 2000 a,b).

4.5

ROLE OF MOSQUITOS IN DISEASE TRANSMISSION

Mosquitos are included in the insects that live in human inhabited areas or near them.

Living near humans is very important for their life and surviving. As human belonging

to the warm-blooded animals, they can serve like possible host for mosquito females to

take a blood meal before they lay eggs. They need the blood for the development of their

eggs. The most preferable hosts for mosquitos are the animals; bovine, cows, pigs, ships,

goats, horses and birds too, man is not a principal mosquito’s host, he can be accidentally a

mosquito host, but for some mosquito species man can be an important host (Reiter 2001,

RKPBV 1997, CDCP 2005).

The most important problems that mosquito can cause to human are listed here: an-

noyance, biting, toxicity, allergic reaction, invade of the host tissue, diseases caused by

mosquitos, contamination of food, fear from them, false parasitosis, toxins and poisons,

protection of the host (Reiter 2001, RKPBV 1997, CDCP 2005).